Apollo 11 – Saturn V med strikkmotor? – Del 2

Ikke over Florida, og i følge alle andre meteorologiske oppslagsverk, ingen andre steder heller. De kan rett nok ligge i rimelig drøy tjukkelse.

http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/learning/clouds/high-clouds#cirrostratus-clouds

Cirrostratus

Height of base: 18,000 – 40,000 ft

Om tropiske (ikke subtropiske) områder:

http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/reports/wxfacts/Cloud-classification.htm

3. high clouds (tropical regions 6-18 km high, temperate regions 5-14 km high, polar regions 3-8 km high)

http://education.arm.gov/nsdl/Library/glossary.shtml#Cirrostratus

Cirrostratus: It’s a cloud belonging to a class characterized by a composition of ice crystals and often by the production of halo phenomena. It appears as a whitish and usually somewhat fibrous veil, often covering the whole sky and sometimes so thin as to be hardly discernible. These clouds are of high altitude (20,000-40,000 ft or 6000 -12,000 m).

Litt mer om det atmosfæriske skillelaget og høyden på cirrostratus.

https://cloud1.arc.nasa.gov/crystalface/science.html

CRYSTAL-FACE is a measurement campaign designed to investigate tropical cirrus cloud physical properties and formation processes.  Understanding the production of upper tropospheric cirrus clouds is essential for the successful modeling of the Earth’s climate.

1.1 Background
1.11 Tropical Cirrus Clouds

Cirrus clouds are high, cold clouds composed of ice crystals. In the tropics, cirrus form at altitudes of about 30,000 to 60,000 feet (9-18 km).  Among other mechanisms, tropical cirrus are generated at the tops of cumulonimbus clouds. These deep convective clouds pump water vapor and ice crystals to the upper troposphere creating the stratiform cloud seen as the top of an anvil. The cirrus anvils can spread to cover vast areas and persist for several hours.  Tropical cirrus are also frequently observed in locations remote from deep convection, perhaps existing as remnants of convective storms or perhaps formed by other processes.  In the top few kilometers of the tropical tropopause, laminar, optically thin (often subvisible) cirrus occur frequently.

http://www.iac.ethz.ch/groups/lohmann/research/modeling/cirrus

Cirrus clouds are clouds in the upper troposphere/lowermost stratosphere (UTLS) region consisting purely of ice crystals.

Mer om UTLS (upper troposphere/lower stratosphere)

http://www.acd.ucar.edu/utls/

1. Dynamical and microphysical processes that control water vapor and clouds in the UTLS, especially that in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL).
2. The role of dynamics, on large and small scales, in redistributing UTLS chemical constituents, including transport and mixing between stratosphere and troposphere.
3. Characterization and maintenance of the tropopause, its long term change and variability.
4. Multi-phase chemistry that controls the budgets of ozone and radical species in the UTLS.

Tropopausen

http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter8/trop_hght.html

• First, recall that the tropopause height varies with latitude since:

  • tropopause height is proportional to the mean tropospheric temperature.

  • higher near the equator – warm troposphere

  • lower at the poles – cold troposphere

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth#Troposphere

Troposphere

Main article: Troposphere

The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere. It extends from Earth’s surface to an average height of about 12 km, although this altitude actually varies from about 9 km (30,000 ft) at the poles to 17 km (56,000 ft) at the equator,^[8] with some variation due to weather. The troposphere is bounded above by the tropopause, a boundary marked by stable temperatures.